# 3 Japanese In New York City

1, 1900-2000 Immigration from Japan the greatest number of 213,634 people in the United States.

          In 1900-, most Japanese immigrants were young men between the ages of 20 and 40 for manual laborers such as famers or planters, fishermen or oystermen, miners, domestic servants, launderers, traders or dealers, employees of railroad, barbers, and clerks in store. Most of them settled the West Coast and Hawaii.

After World War II, many Japanese brides came to America.

2, In 1901, a dozen Japanese abalone fishermen came to Terminal Island in Los Angeles




The image:  a fishing village at present day in the northeastern area of Honshu in Japan

Courtesy of: nihonaruku.exblog.jp

3, Japanese in New York City

          In1876, six Japanese businessmen started to establish trade in wholesale and retail goods such as silk. The business continued for twenty years and some of they became permanent residents (Encyclopedia of New York City 670).

          In 1890-1891, there were 600 Japanese in New York City, more than half of whom lived in Brooklyn and worked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard (Encyclopedia of New York City 670).

          In the mid-1890`s the number of Japanese began to increase to increase, rising to more than 1000 in 1900, with 90 percent employed in domestic work (Encyclopedia of New York City 670).

          In 1897, the first Japanese newspaper, a short-lived weekly, was published by a Japanese college student in Brooklyn (Encyclopedia of New York City

  670).

          In 1899, the Japanese Christian Institute was organizations that offered room and board to Japanese immigrants and businessmen (Encyclopedia of New York City 670).

                                                                                               

          In 1907, the Japanese Mutual Aid Society, a community welfare group, established (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

          In 1909, Japan and the United States reached a “gentlemen`s agreement” concerning immigration as a result Japanese issues two typed of passport –one for skilled or unskilled laborers, the other for non-laborers such as students, merchants, businessmen, and professionals, who were require to have a middle all Japanese education or its equivalent-and all Japanese citizens at Japanese consular office (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

          In 1914, the Japanese Association of New York was sponsored by Japanese government (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

            In 1920, the Japanese population in New York City was 4652. The Japanese people were about 75 percent worked in house helpers. Most of the rest worked at semiskilled or unskilled jobs in small businesses such as amusement concessions at Coney Island (Encyclopedia of New York City 671). They lived southern Manhattan 123^rd street, and down-town Brooklyn, some of them lived in Long Island (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

            During the period from 1924 to 1952, the National Origins Act was enforced and Japanese emigrants were excluded from the United States, the Japanese population in the city was 2500 to 2900(Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

            In 1950, Japanese population increased to more than 3800 (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

            In 1965, Japanese population increased because of immigration Act (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

            In 1970, the total population number 14, 0000 (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

           

            In 1980, the total population number 21,000 of whom 17,000 were Japanese born (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

           

            In 1990, the total population number 16,828 of which 12,837 were Japanese born (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).  In this decade, decreasing the Japanese population because Japanese economy was extremely good, it called bubble economy.

            In 2000, the Japanese population numbered 26,419, mostly located in Manhattan (Encyclopedia of New York City 671).

References;

The Encyclopedia of New York City Second Edition, Kenneth T. Jackson. Yale University Press.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American_history

 http://www.gliah.uh.edu/
http://www.census.gov/
www.picturehistory.com
http://www/aafny.org/
http://ragz-international.com/asian_amerians.htm


Books;
The Japanese in America Noel L. Leathers, Ph.D.
Japanese America Paul R. Spickars
Issei and Nisei the settlings of Japanese America Ronald Takaki